THE SPANISH PHILIPPINES
THE SPANISH PERIOD
A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many of its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
1. DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE)
– first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
- written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva in Tagalog and Spanish.
- contains Pater Noster (Our Father), Ave Maria (Hail Mary), Regina Coeli (hail Holy Queen), the Ten Commandments of the Catholic Church, the Seven Mortal Sins, How to Confess and the Catechism.
- three old original copies of this book can still be found at the Vatican, at the Madrid Museum and at the US Congress.
- contains only 87 pages but costs $5000.00
2. NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO
– second book printed in the Philippines.
- written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602
- printed at the UST Printing Press with the help of Juan de Vera, a Chinese mestizo.
- contains the biographies of saints, novenas and questions and answers on religion.
3. LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POSTPRIMERAS DE HOMBRE
- written in tagalog and Spanish
- first book printed in typography
4. ANG BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT – a biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja.
- first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines even if it is only a translation.
- the printed translation has only 556 pages.
- the Ilocano translation was done by Fr. Agustin Mejia
5. THE PASION – a book about life and sufferings of Jesus Christ which is read only during Lent.
6. URBANA AT FELISA - a book by Modesto de Castro, the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog. These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and have influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the letters dealt with good manners.
7. ANG MGA DALIT KAY MARIA (PSALMS FOR MARY) – a collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary.
- Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and very popular during the Maytime “Flores de Mayo” festival.
C. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules f the Tagalog Language)
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog Language)
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog Vocabulary)
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango Vocabulary)
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary)
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocos Language)
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicolana Language)
D. FOLKSONGS – manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for love and beauty.
1. Leron-Leron Sinta – Tagalog
2. Pamulinawen – Ilokano
3. Dandansoy – Bisaya
4. Sarong Banggi – Bicol
5. Atin Cu pung Singsing – Kapampangan
E. RECREATIONAL PLAYS
1. TIBAG – it means to excavate. It is a ritual to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died.
2. LAGAYLAY – a special occasion for the Pilareňos of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together. The participating ladies are chosen earlier and sometimes mothers volunteer their girls in order to fulfill a vow made during an illness or for a favor received. Lagaylay is all about praise, respect, and offering of love to the Blessed Cross by St. Helena on the mound she had dug in.
3. CENAKULO – a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds; the Cantada and the Hablada. In Hablada, the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyme in each stanza and is more dignified in theme; the Cantada is chanted like the Pasion.
- it is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the stanza.
4. PANUNULUYAN – a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus. It is presented before 12 on Christmas eve.
5. SALUBONG OR PANUBONG – an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the risen Christ and His Mother.
6. CARILLO (SHADOW PLAY) – a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
7. ZARZUELA – father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama in 3 acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty and others.
8. SAINETE - a short musical comedy performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios.
F. THE MORO-MORO - presented on a special stage performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.
G. KARAGATAN – a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person. A ritual is performed based on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring in the middle of the sea and offered her hand to whoever can retrieve the ring.
H. DUPLO – replaced karagatan. It is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are taken from the bible and from proverbs and sayings. It is usually played during wakes for the dead.
I. BALAGTASAN – a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.
J. DUNG-AW – a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used.
K. AWIT & CORRIDO – both referred to as narrative poetry
AWIT CORRIDO
*Dodecasyllabic *octosyllabic
*fabricated stories from *stories from Europe
writer’s imagination
*chanting *narration
Reference: Philippine Literature Through the Years by Alicia Kahayon
THE SPANISH PERIOD
A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many of its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
1. DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE)
– first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
- written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva in Tagalog and Spanish.
- contains Pater Noster (Our Father), Ave Maria (Hail Mary), Regina Coeli (hail Holy Queen), the Ten Commandments of the Catholic Church, the Seven Mortal Sins, How to Confess and the Catechism.
- three old original copies of this book can still be found at the Vatican, at the Madrid Museum and at the US Congress.
- contains only 87 pages but costs $5000.00
2. NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO
– second book printed in the Philippines.
- written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602
- printed at the UST Printing Press with the help of Juan de Vera, a Chinese mestizo.
- contains the biographies of saints, novenas and questions and answers on religion.
3. LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POSTPRIMERAS DE HOMBRE
- written in tagalog and Spanish
- first book printed in typography
4. ANG BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT – a biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja.
- first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines even if it is only a translation.
- the printed translation has only 556 pages.
- the Ilocano translation was done by Fr. Agustin Mejia
5. THE PASION – a book about life and sufferings of Jesus Christ which is read only during Lent.
6. URBANA AT FELISA - a book by Modesto de Castro, the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog. These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and have influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the letters dealt with good manners.
7. ANG MGA DALIT KAY MARIA (PSALMS FOR MARY) – a collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary.
- Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and very popular during the Maytime “Flores de Mayo” festival.
C. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules f the Tagalog Language)
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog Language)
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog Vocabulary)
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango Vocabulary)
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary)
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocos Language)
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicolana Language)
D. FOLKSONGS – manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for love and beauty.
1. Leron-Leron Sinta – Tagalog
2. Pamulinawen – Ilokano
3. Dandansoy – Bisaya
4. Sarong Banggi – Bicol
5. Atin Cu pung Singsing – Kapampangan
E. RECREATIONAL PLAYS
1. TIBAG – it means to excavate. It is a ritual to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died.
2. LAGAYLAY – a special occasion for the Pilareňos of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together. The participating ladies are chosen earlier and sometimes mothers volunteer their girls in order to fulfill a vow made during an illness or for a favor received. Lagaylay is all about praise, respect, and offering of love to the Blessed Cross by St. Helena on the mound she had dug in.
3. CENAKULO – a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds; the Cantada and the Hablada. In Hablada, the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyme in each stanza and is more dignified in theme; the Cantada is chanted like the Pasion.
- it is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the stanza.
4. PANUNULUYAN – a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus. It is presented before 12 on Christmas eve.
5. SALUBONG OR PANUBONG – an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the risen Christ and His Mother.
6. CARILLO (SHADOW PLAY) – a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
7. ZARZUELA – father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama in 3 acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty and others.
8. SAINETE - a short musical comedy performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios.
F. THE MORO-MORO - presented on a special stage performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.
G. KARAGATAN – a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person. A ritual is performed based on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring in the middle of the sea and offered her hand to whoever can retrieve the ring.
H. DUPLO – replaced karagatan. It is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are taken from the bible and from proverbs and sayings. It is usually played during wakes for the dead.
I. BALAGTASAN – a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.
J. DUNG-AW – a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used.
K. AWIT & CORRIDO – both referred to as narrative poetry
AWIT CORRIDO
*Dodecasyllabic *octosyllabic
*fabricated stories from *stories from Europe
writer’s imagination
*chanting *narration
Reference: Philippine Literature Through the Years by Alicia Kahayon
A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many of its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
1. DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE)
– first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
- written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva in Tagalog and Spanish.
- contains Pater Noster (Our Father), Ave Maria (Hail Mary), Regina Coeli (hail Holy Queen), the Ten Commandments of the Catholic Church, the Seven Mortal Sins, How to Confess and the Catechism.
- three old original copies of this book can still be found at the Vatican, at the Madrid Museum and at the US Congress.
- contains only 87 pages but costs $5000.00
2. NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO
– second book printed in the Philippines.
- written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602
- printed at the UST Printing Press with the help of Juan de Vera, a Chinese mestizo.
- contains the biographies of saints, novenas and questions and answers on religion.
3. LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POSTPRIMERAS DE HOMBRE
- written in tagalog and Spanish
- first book printed in typography
4. ANG BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT – a biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja.
- first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines even if it is only a translation.
- the printed translation has only 556 pages.
- the Ilocano translation was done by Fr. Agustin Mejia
5. THE PASION – a book about life and sufferings of Jesus Christ which is read only during Lent.
6. URBANA AT FELISA - a book by Modesto de Castro, the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog. These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and have influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the letters dealt with good manners.
7. ANG MGA DALIT KAY MARIA (PSALMS FOR MARY) – a collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary.
- Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and very popular during the Maytime “Flores de Mayo” festival.
C. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules f the Tagalog Language)
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog Language)
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog Vocabulary)
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango Vocabulary)
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary)
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocos Language)
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicolana Language)
D. FOLKSONGS – manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for love and beauty.
1. Leron-Leron Sinta – Tagalog
2. Pamulinawen – Ilokano
3. Dandansoy – Bisaya
4. Sarong Banggi – Bicol
5. Atin Cu pung Singsing – Kapampangan
E. RECREATIONAL PLAYS
1. TIBAG – it means to excavate. It is a ritual to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died.
2. LAGAYLAY – a special occasion for the Pilareňos of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together. The participating ladies are chosen earlier and sometimes mothers volunteer their girls in order to fulfill a vow made during an illness or for a favor received. Lagaylay is all about praise, respect, and offering of love to the Blessed Cross by St. Helena on the mound she had dug in.
3. CENAKULO – a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds; the Cantada and the Hablada. In Hablada, the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyme in each stanza and is more dignified in theme; the Cantada is chanted like the Pasion.
- it is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the stanza.
4. PANUNULUYAN – a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus. It is presented before 12 on Christmas eve.
5. SALUBONG OR PANUBONG – an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the risen Christ and His Mother.
6. CARILLO (SHADOW PLAY) – a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
7. ZARZUELA – father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama in 3 acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty and others.
8. SAINETE - a short musical comedy performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios.
F. THE MORO-MORO - presented on a special stage performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.
G. KARAGATAN – a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person. A ritual is performed based on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring in the middle of the sea and offered her hand to whoever can retrieve the ring.
H. DUPLO – replaced karagatan. It is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are taken from the bible and from proverbs and sayings. It is usually played during wakes for the dead.
I. BALAGTASAN – a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.
J. DUNG-AW – a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used.
K. AWIT & CORRIDO – both referred to as narrative poetry
AWIT CORRIDO
*Dodecasyllabic *octosyllabic
*fabricated stories from *stories from Europe
writer’s imagination
*chanting *narration
Reference: Philippine Literature Through the Years by Alicia Kahayon
THE SPANISH PERIOD
A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many of its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
1. DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE)
– first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
- written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva in Tagalog and Spanish.
- contains Pater Noster (Our Father), Ave Maria (Hail Mary), Regina Coeli (hail Holy Queen), the Ten Commandments of the Catholic Church, the Seven Mortal Sins, How to Confess and the Catechism.
- three old original copies of this book can still be found at the Vatican, at the Madrid Museum and at the US Congress.
- contains only 87 pages but costs $5000.00
2. NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO
– second book printed in the Philippines.
- written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602
- printed at the UST Printing Press with the help of Juan de Vera, a Chinese mestizo.
- contains the biographies of saints, novenas and questions and answers on religion.
3. LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POSTPRIMERAS DE HOMBRE
- written in tagalog and Spanish
- first book printed in typography
4. ANG BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT – a biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja.
- first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines even if it is only a translation.
- the printed translation has only 556 pages.
- the Ilocano translation was done by Fr. Agustin Mejia
5. THE PASION – a book about life and sufferings of Jesus Christ which is read only during Lent.
6. URBANA AT FELISA - a book by Modesto de Castro, the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog. These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and have influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the letters dealt with good manners.
7. ANG MGA DALIT KAY MARIA (PSALMS FOR MARY) – a collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary.
- Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and very popular during the Maytime “Flores de Mayo” festival.
C. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules f the Tagalog Language)
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog Language)
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog Vocabulary)
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango Vocabulary)
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary)
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocos Language)
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicolana Language)
D. FOLKSONGS – manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for love and beauty.
1. Leron-Leron Sinta – Tagalog
2. Pamulinawen – Ilokano
3. Dandansoy – Bisaya
4. Sarong Banggi – Bicol
5. Atin Cu pung Singsing – Kapampangan
E. RECREATIONAL PLAYS
1. TIBAG – it means to excavate. It is a ritual to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died.
2. LAGAYLAY – a special occasion for the Pilareňos of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together. The participating ladies are chosen earlier and sometimes mothers volunteer their girls in order to fulfill a vow made during an illness or for a favor received. Lagaylay is all about praise, respect, and offering of love to the Blessed Cross by St. Helena on the mound she had dug in.
3. CENAKULO – a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds; the Cantada and the Hablada. In Hablada, the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyme in each stanza and is more dignified in theme; the Cantada is chanted like the Pasion.
- it is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the stanza.
4. PANUNULUYAN – a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus. It is presented before 12 on Christmas eve.
5. SALUBONG OR PANUBONG – an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the risen Christ and His Mother.
6. CARILLO (SHADOW PLAY) – a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
7. ZARZUELA – father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama in 3 acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty and others.
8. SAINETE - a short musical comedy performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios.
F. THE MORO-MORO - presented on a special stage performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.
G. KARAGATAN – a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person. A ritual is performed based on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring in the middle of the sea and offered her hand to whoever can retrieve the ring.
H. DUPLO – replaced karagatan. It is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are taken from the bible and from proverbs and sayings. It is usually played during wakes for the dead.
I. BALAGTASAN – a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.
J. DUNG-AW – a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used.
K. AWIT & CORRIDO – both referred to as narrative poetry
AWIT CORRIDO
*Dodecasyllabic *octosyllabic
*fabricated stories from *stories from Europe
writer’s imagination
*chanting *narration
Reference: Philippine Literature Through the Years by Alicia Kahayon